Learn About Parvovirus B19
Parvovirus B19 is a seasonal respiratory virus that is spread from person to person mainly through respiratory droplets though it can be spread through blood and during pregnancy from parent to child. Parvovirus B19 usually causes no symptoms or mild illness and can be spread by people whether they are showing symptoms or not.
Key Facts
- There is no vaccine or specific treatment for parvovirus B19.
- Minor outbreaks typically happen every few years.
- Most adults have had parvovirus B19 infection and have protection.
- Despite its name sounding like viruses spread amongst pets, parvovirus B19 only infects humans.
- People who have weakened immune systems or blood disorders are at increased risk for complications from parvovirus B19
Symptoms
A common symptom for children infected with parvovirus is a “slapped cheek” rash (also called Fifth Disease) that begins a few days after a fever or flu-like symptoms. In addition to the facial rash, parvovirus B19 can also cause rashes on other parts of the body that may be itchy and last up to ten days. Rashes can also appear and go away for several weeks. A common symptom for adults is joint pain that can last for weeks or even months.
Additional symptoms include:
- Fever
- Headache
- Cough
- Sore throat
People are most contagious the first few days of symptoms. Individuals with weakened immune systems can be contagious for longer periods of time.
Who is at increased risk?
Parvovirus B19 is usually mild for most people. It can cause health problems for individuals who are at increased risk including those who have:
- Cancer
- Organ transplant
- HIV
- Blood disorders
Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy can cause complications, though this is not common.
How is Parvovirus B19 Diagnosed?
Parvovirus B19 is not routinely tested for. It is usually diagnosed in children based on their symptoms. In some cases, a healthcare provider can order blood tests for parvovirus antibodies to see if you have immunity, are at risk for disease or have recently been infected.
Treatment
Because parvovirus B19 is usually mild and goes away on its own, treatment usually involves addressing the symptoms such as fever, itching from rash or joint pain.
Like with other respiratory viruses, see your healthcare provider if you have complications or concerns about symptoms. If you are pregnant and suspect parvovirus, talk to your healthcare provider.
Prevention
Because parvovirus B19 is a respiratory virus, you should follow the same habits for prevention as you do for other respiratory viruses. These include:
- Washing your hands with soap and water.
- Covering your coughs and sneezes with a tissue.
- Keeping your distance from sick people.
- Cleaning frequently touched surfaces.
- Preventing spread if you or a family member are sick by staying home.
